At the beginning of the XX century, Iraq began its struggle for independence. After the fall of the Ottoman Empire, another colonizer Britain came to dominate the Middle-East. Even after official independence was granted in 1936 King Faisal I of Iraq was still subservient to the British. The fight for true independence culminated in the coup of 1958 when Iraq has officially declared a republic! However, this was just the beginning of many turbulent years to come in Iraq's history!
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References:
Elliot, Matthew. Independent Iraq: British Influence from 1941 to 1958
Farouk–Sluglett, Marion; Sluglett, Peter (2001). Iraq Since 1958: From Revolution to Dictatorship.
Benjamin Shwadran, The Power Struggle in Iraq
and many more...
